dprint
Evaluates and displays information
Format
Prints the value of a variable or expression.
dprint [-wait | -nowait ] [ -group_by ] [ -slice “slice_expr” ] [ -timeout seconds ] [ -stats [ -data ] ] { variable | expression }
Arguments
-wait
The default. TotalView waits until the expression is evaluated across the current focus, prints the values, and only then prompts for more interactive commands.
-nowait
Evaluates expressions (i.e., those that call functions in the target process) in the background. Use TV::expr to obtain the results, as they are not displayed.
-group_by
Aggregates data across a group rather than showing each individual process or thread's data value. The variable's value will be displayed with the ptlist (a compressed syntax for the process and thread list) alongside.
-slice “slice_expr”
Defines an array slice—that is, a portion of the array—to print. If the programming language is C or C++, use a backslash (\) when you enter the array subscripts. For example, "\[100:110\]".
-timeout seconds
Times out after the given number of seconds and returns an error if printing is not finished. If timeout is 0, dprint runs until it has completed, is interrupted, or encounters an error.
-stats
Displays statistical data about an array. When using this switch, the expression provided to dprint must resolve to an array. The -slice switch may be used with -stats to select a subset of values from the array to calculate statistics on.
-data
Returns the results of dprint-stats as data in the form of a Tcl nested associative array rather than as output to the console. See the description section for the structure of the array.
Note: This switch can be used only in conjunction with the ‑stats switch.
variable
A variable whose value is displayed. The variable can be local to the current stack frame or it can be global. If the displayed variable is an array, you can qualify the variable’s name with a slice that displays a portion of the array.
expression
A source-language expression to evaluate and print. Because expression must also conform to Tcl syntax, you must enclose it within quotation marks it if it includes any blanks, and in braces ({}) if it includes brackets ([ ]), dollar signs ($), quotation marks ("), or other Tcl special characters.
Description
The dprint command evaluates and displays a variable or an expression. The CLI interprets the expression by looking up the values associated with each symbol and applying the operators. The result of an expression can be a scalar value or an aggregate (array, array slice, or structure).
For the option
-wait, which is the default, if an event such as a
$stop, SEGV, or breakpoint occurs, the
dprint command throws an exception that describes the event. The first exception subcode returned by
TV::errorCodes is the
susp-eval-id (a suspension-evaluation-ID). You can use this to manipulate suspended evaluations with the
dflushand
TV::expr -commands. For example:
dfocus tdpid.dtid TV::expr get susp-eval-id
NOTE: If the expression calls a function, the focus must not specify more than one thread for each process.
For the -nowait option, TotalView evaluates the expression in the background. It also returns a susp-eval-id that you can use to obtain the results of the evaluation using TV::expr.
For the -slice option, TotalView uses the argument after -slice to select the values from the array to be printed, similar to the Slice field in the Data window. If the last argument does not result in an array value, the -slice switch is ignored.
For the -timeout option, a seconds argument of 0 turns off a previously set timeout value:
dprint -timeout 0
As the CLI displays data, it passes the data through a simple more processor that prompts you after it displays each screen of text. Press the Enter key to tell the CLI to continue displaying information. Entering q stops printing.
Since the
dprint command can generate a considerable amount of output, you might want to use the
capture command to save the output to a variable.
Structure output appears with one field printed per line; for example:
sbfo = {
f3 = 0x03 (3)
f4 = 0x04 (4)
f5 = 0x05 (5)
f20 = 0x000014 (20)
f32 = 0x00000020 (32)
}
Arrays print in a similar manner; for example:
foo = {
[0][0] = 0x00000000 (0)
[0][1] = 0x00000004 (4)
[1][0] = 0x00000001 (1)
[1][1] = 0x00000005 (5)
[2][0] = 0x00000002 (2)
[2][1] = 0x00000006 (6)
[3][0] = 0x00000003 (3)
[3][1] = 0x00000007 (7)
}
You can append a slice to the variable’s name to display a portion of an array; for example:
d.1<> p -slice "\[10:20\]" random
random slice:(10:30) = {
(10) = 0.479426
(11) = 0.877583
(12) = 0.564642
(13) = 0.825336
(14) = 0.644218
(15) = 0.764842
(16) = 0.717356
(17) = 0.696707
(18) = 0.783327
(19) = 0.62161
(20) = 0.841471
}
The following is an another way of specifying the same slice:
d.1<> set my_var \[10:20\]
d.1<> p -slice $my_var random
random slice:(10:30) = {
The following example illustrates the output from dprint -stats command:
d1.<> dprint -stats twod_array
Count: 2500
Zero Count: 1
Sum: 122500
Minimum: 0
Maximum: 98
Median: 49
Mean: 49
Standard Deviation: 20.4124145231932
First Quartile: 34
Third Quartile: 64
Lower Adjacent: 0
Upper Adjacent: 98
NaN Count: N/A
Infinity Count: N/A
Denormalized Count: N/A
Checksum: 41071
By adding the -data switch,
d1.<> dprint -stats -data twod_array
the statistics are returned in a Tcl nested associative array, which has the following structure:
{
<dpid.dtid>
{
Count <value>
ZeroCount <value>
Sum <value>
Minimum <value>
Maximum <value>
Median <value>
Mean <value>
StandardDeviation <value>
FirstQuartile <value>
ThirdQuartile <value>
LowerAdjacent <value>
UpperAdjacent <value>
NaNCount <value>
InfinityCount <value>
DenormalizedCount <value>
Checksum <value>
}
<dpid.dtid>
{
...
}
}
The following example illustrates the output from dprint -group_by command, showing the value of a variable random_int across a group of 10 processes:
d1.<> dfocus g dprint -group_by random_int
Focus: 10:10[0-9.1]
0x00000000 (0) : 1:1[2.1]
0x00000001 (1) : 2:2[4.1, 6.1]
0x00000003 (3) : 2:2[0-1.1]
0x00000005 (5) : 2:2[5.1, 9.1]
0x00000006 (6) : 2:2[3.1, 8.1]
0x00000007 (7) : 1:1[7.1]
To access data for a single process/thread, use the following Tcl commands:
array set stats_data [dprint -stats -data <array-expression>]
array set stats $stats_data([lindex [array names stats_data] 0])
puts "Array Sum: $stats(Sum)"
The CLI evaluates the expression or variable in the context of each thread in the target focus. Thus, the overall format of dprint output is as follows:
first process or thread:
expression result
second process or thread:
expression result
...
last process or thread:
expression result
TotalView lets you cast variables and cast a variable to an array. If you are casting a variable, the first array address is the address of the variable. For example, assume the following declaration:
float bint;
The following statement displays the variable as an array of one integer:
dprint {(int \[1\])bint:
If the expression is a pointer, the first addresses is the value of the pointer. Here is an array declaration:
float bing[2], *bp = bint;
TotalView assumes the first array address is the address of what bp is pointing to. So, the following command displays the array:
dprint {(int \[2\])bp}
You can also use the dprint command to obtain values for your computer’s registers. For example, on most architectures,$r1 is register 1. To obtain the contents of this register, type:
dprint \$r1
NOTE: Do not use a $when asking the dprint command to display your program’s variables.
Command alias
Alias | Definition | Description |
|---|
p | dprint | Evaluates and displays information |
Examples
dprint scalar_y
Displays the values of variable scalar_y in all processes and threads in the current focus.
p argc
Displays the value of argc.
p argv
Displays the value of argv, along with the first string to which it points.
p {argv[argc-1]}
Prints the value of argv[argc-1]. If the execution point is inmain(), this is the last argument passed to main().
dfocus p1 dprint scalar_y
Displays the values of variable scalar_y for the threads in process 1.
f 1.2 p arrayx
Displays the values of the array arrayx for the second thread in process 1.
for {set i 0} {$i < 100} {incr i} {p argv\[$i\]}
If main() is in the current scope, prints the program’s arguments followed by the program’s environment strings.
f {t1.1 t2.1 t3.1} dprint {f()}
Evaluates a function contained in three threads. Each thread is in a different process:
Thread 1.1:
f(): 2 Thread 2.1:
f(): 3
Thread 3.1:
f(): 5
f {t1.1 t2.1 t3.1} dprint -nowait {f()}
1
Evaluates a function without waiting. Later, you can obtain the results using TV::expr. The number displayed immediately after the command, which is “1”, is the susp-eval-id. The following example shows how to get this result:
f t1.1 TV::expr get 1 result
2
f t2.1 TV::expr get 1 result
Thread 1.1:
f(): 2
Thread 2.1:
f(): 3
Thread 3.1:
f(): 5
3
f t3.1 TV::expr get 1 result
5
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